Doppler echocardiography
 
Principle

 

The echocardiogram is the most common application of echography imaging and the Doppler velocity measurement (see Doppler principle).  It allows assessment of cardiac valve function, left-right shunt (e.g. open foramen ovale), leaking of blood through the valves (valvular regurgitation), and calculation of the cardiac output.

The echo-image is depicted in black and white, and the direction and velocity of the blood are depicted in red for approching the probe and blue for removing away. The more blue or red the higher the velocity. See Echography and Contrast enhanced ultrasound for further explanation and examples of images in figures.

Application

Contrast echocardiography (CE, e.g. for detection of the right heart Doppler signals, intra-cardiac shunts). uses intravenously administered micro-bubbles to traverse the myocardial microcirculation in order to outline myocardial viability and perfusion, see Contrast enhanced ultrasound.